Before doing this activity you may need to read the text you will find at the end
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| Gapped text | Items |
|---|---|
| She ______________________ Spanish, French and Italian | learnt / has learned |
| In 1995 we ______________________ into this house | have moved / moved |
| I ______________________ my new phone! | have lost / lost |
| They ______________________ with me for two years, and they help me a lot | worked / have worked |
| She ______________________ pizza before | didn't eat / hasn't eaten |
| I ______________________ to many different countries, but my favourite one is Cambodia | have been / was |
| I ______________________ red flowers around the house, but they have disappeared! | planted / have planted |
| I ______________________ red flowers around the house. Do you like it? | have planted / planted |
| We ______________________ this painting in Morocco. Do you like it? | bought / have bought |
| ______________________ Paris at night? | Did you see / Have you seen |
| Yesterday a child ______________________ this window with his ball | has broken / broke |
| He was in Italy but he ______________________ pizza | hasn't eaten / didn't eat |
| They ______________________ the door, so everybody can get in | broke / have broken |
| I know him, he ______________________ with me for a few months (but now he doesn't) | has worked / worked |
| I ______________________ all of Harry Potter's movies, they're my favourite | have seen / saw |
| Sorry, I ______________________ your book, so I ______________________ you a new one | have bought / lost / have lost / bought |
| I ______________________ a new car last month | bought / have bought |
| She ______________________ her boyfriend on an Internet chat | has met / met |
| ______________________ to Paris after you got married? | Did you go / Have you gone |
| When we got married we ______________________ this painting, do you like it? | bought / have bought |
| Look, I ______________________ a new car, do you like it? | have bought / bought |
| During the war, she ______________________ her boyfriend | has met / met |
| I ______________________ in Ohio and I liked it very much | have lived / lived |
| I ______________________ in Ohio when I was at the university | have lived / lived |
| Sorry, I ______________________ your book | have lost / lost |
We need 2 conditions to use the present perfect
connection 
we use the present perfect to refer to actions when there is a connection between the past and the present (that's why we call it present perfect). The past tense refers to finished past actions with no connection with the present.
| Yesterday I went to the cinema | |
(that’s just something I did yesterday) | |
| I remember all the names because I have learned the list from memory | (I learned, so now I know) | ||
| My father has given me a new phone | (now I have a new phone) | ||
| Cassia has lived here for five years | (and she still lives here now) |
when? we use the past tense when people can answer the question “when?”: the moment is said or already known and it is a past time. (we know when and it is a past when).
| I saw it last week | |
when? | Last week | |
| I saw it when I was at my sister’s | when? | when I was at my sister's |
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| She visited us in June | when? | in June | ||
| We can only use the present perfect when people can’t answer the question “when?” or if the answer is a present period of time. | ||||
| I have visited Paris and Rome | when? | I don’t know | ||
| I’ve been to the park today | when? | Today: a present period of time | ||
| She has loved him since she was a child | when? | since she was a child (until now, so present too) | ||
Notice:
- I have visited Rome, and I stayed in a very nice hotel. We spent five days there.
1st verb: I have visited (I don't say when and you don't know)
2nd verb: I stayed... (when? when I visited Rome)
2nd sentence: We spent... (when? when I visited Rome)
So the first part of the sentence gives us a time reference that will be used for the second part or even other following sentences talking about my visit to Rome.
