Before doing this activity you may need to read the text you will find at the end
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| Gapped text | Items |
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| 1- She was making dinner + 1- Her sister came to visit = ______________________ she was making dinner, ______________________ her sister came to visit. | first / afterwards / then / -- / later / before / as / after |
| 1- Mary was studying + 1- Peter was painting = Mary was studying ______________________ Peter was painting. | while / suddenly / the moment / as soon as / before / after / then |
| 1- Everything is ready + 2- (immediately) I'll go there = I'll go there ______________________ everything is ready. | as soon as / as / while / then / after / later / before |
| 1- I went out + 2- (immediately) It started to rain = It started to rain ______________________ I went out. | suddenly / meanwhile / while / after / the moment / before |
| 1- He had a beer + 1- She was talking on the phone = He had a beer ______________________ she was talking on the phone. | meanwhile / after / suddenly / before / the moment / then / while / later |
| 1- They were going to Canterbury + 1- They saw something very strange = ______________________ they were going to Canterbury, ______________________ they saw something very strange. | before / afterwards / -- / first / as / then / after / later |
| 1- He sat reading the paper + 1- The door opened = ______________________ he sat reading the paper, the door opened. | after / as / then / first / before / later / afterwards |
| 1- I saw her with him + 2- (quickly and unexpectedly) I lost control = I saw her with him. ______________________, I lost control. | Suddenly / before / meanwhile / after / while / then / as / as soon as |
| 1- Jack was having a shower + 1- The telephone rang = ______________________ Jack was having a shower, the telephone rang. | then / later / first / after / afterwards / before / as |
| 1- He is in a meeting + 1- You can wait here = He is in a meeting. You can wait here ______________________. | later / as soon as / meanwhile / after / as / then / before |
| 1- She was sleeping + 1- I phoned you = She was sleeping ______________________ I phoned you. | as soon as / suddenly / after / before / the moment / when |
| 1- I was having a rest + 2- (quickly and unexpectedly) I remembered she was waiting = I was having a rest, but ______________________, I remembered she was waiting. | as / as soon as / then / suddenly / before / meanwhile / while |
| 1- I get older + 1- I get optimistic = ______________________ I get older, ______________________ I get more optimistic. | as / afterwards / first / then / -- / later / before / after |
| 1- She was going out + 1- Her cousin arrived = ______________________ she was going out, her cousin arrived. | then / before / first / afterwards / when / later / after |
| 1- He was walking down the street + 1- His phone rang = ______________________ he was walking down the street, his phone rang. | first / before / when / then / after / afterwards / later |
| 1- You left + 2- (1 minute later) Everything started = Everything was started ______________________ you left. | meanwhile / while / the moment / after / suddenly / before |
| 1- I was looking for her + 1- She saw me = ______________________ I was looking for her, ______________________ she saw me. | afterwards / later / then / as / before / after / first / -- |
| 1- He had a beer + 1- She was talking on the phone = He had a beer. ______________________, she was talking on the phone. | as / Before / when / Then / After / Meanwhile / The moment / Then |
| 1- when I can visit you + 2- (immediately) I'll go and visit you = I'll go and visit you ______________________ I can. | as soon as / before / as / meanwhile / then / after |
| 1- She heard the news + 2- (immediately) She phoned me = She phoned me ______________________ she heard the news. | then / before / as soon as / later / afterwards |
| 1- Have fun + 1- You are here = Have fun ______________________ you are here. | then / while / as / later / as soon as / afterwards / after / before |
| 1- I was coming here + 1- I found this in the street = ______________________ I was coming here, I found this in the street. | then / after / as / later / before / afterwards / first |
| 1- Mary was studying + 1- Peter was paining = Mary was studying. ______________________, Peter was painting. | Later / Meanwhile / Then / When / After / As soon as / Before / As |
| 1- They saw me + 2- (immediately) They started to shoot = ______________________ they saw me, they started to shoot. | later / then / afterwards / before / The moment |
| 1- There was a big noise and everybody stopped + 2- (quickly and unexpectedly) Everybody started to run = There was a big noise and everybody stopped. ______________________, everybody started to run. | after / Before / As soon as / then / While / As / Meanwhile / Suddenly |
TO INTRODUCE THE FIRST OF TWO ACTIONS
BEFORE (c.) (f.c.) (p.)
Wake me up before you go (c.)
Enter the house, but before, you have to disconnect the alarm system (f.c.)
Don’t just open the door. Before that, ask who is knocking (f.c.)
I met Charles before lunch (p.)
WHEN (c.)
When I opened the door, the dog looked at me and went out (First I open the door, then, the dog goes out)
If we want to emphasise that the second actions happens immediately after the first one:
AS SOON AS (c.)
THE MOMENT (c.)
Phone me as soon as you see her
The moment I saw her, I lost control
TO INTRODUCE THE SECOND OF TWO ACTIONS
AFTER (c.) (p.)
After the bomb exploded, everything was quiet
I went out after work
AFTERWARDS (f.c.)
THEN (f.c.)
LATER (f.c.)
Later suggests an interval of time between both actions. Afterwards and then can be used when there is an interval of time or when the second action takes place immediately after the first one.
There was an explosion. Afterwards/Then, everything was quiet
She had a shower. Later/Afterwards/Then, she went for a walk
If we want to show that the second action happens quickly and unexpectedly we use:
SUDDENLY (f.c.)
I saw her. Suddenly, I lost control
TO INTRODUCE THE FIRST OF A SERIES OF ACTIONS (2 or more)
FIRST (f.c.) often used with "then" or also with "second", "third", etc.
First, go into the house, then, go upstairs and wait for me
First, switch it on. Second, search for the channel, and last, adjust the volume
TO EXPRESS SIMULTANEOUS ACTIONS
if both actions are long, we usually use:
WHILE (c.)
MEANWHILE (f.c.)
While Mary was studying, Peter was painting
Mary was studying. Meanwhile, Peter was painting
if one action is long and the other one is short or instantaneous:
AS (c.)
WHEN (c.)
WHILE (c.)
As / When / While I was walking down the street, I saw a rabbit
abbreviations: (c.)= conjunction (f.c.)= free connector (p.)= preposition (see the important difference here: Kinds of Connectors)
