Before doing this activity you may need to read the text you will find at the end
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| Gapped text | Items |
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| ______________________ I speak no German, we had to communicate in English | Because of / Since / That's why |
| I was worried ______________________ Tally was late | because of / that's why / because |
| It's Sunday. ______________________ the shops are closed | Because of / As / Because / That's why |
| England is very green ______________________ the rain | because / that's why / because of |
| I don't want to go ______________________ I'm too tired | that's why / because / because of |
| ______________________ you have finished, you can go home | That's why / Because of / As |
| ______________________ I'm Australian, I speak perfect English | Since / Because of / That's why |
| It's very cold. ______________________ I need a coat. | 'Cause / Because of / That's why / As / Because / Since |
| ______________________ we are all here, let's start dinner now | That's why / Because of / As |
| I live here ______________________ I like this city | that's why / because of / 'cause |
| ______________________ this chair is broken, we only have 4 chairs in good condition, we need one more. | Because of / As / That's why |
| He sat on the floor ______________________ there were no chairs free | since / because of / that's why |
| I'm going to bed ______________________ it's very late | because of / 'cause / that's why |
| Don't go now ______________________ it's too late | that's why / because of / 'cause |
| She had problems ______________________ tobacco | 'cause / because of / that's why |
| ______________________ you don't like it, I'll have it | Since / Because of / That's why |
| It's expensive ______________________ it's good quality | because / that's why / because of |
| ______________________ we are only three people, we need more help to do it | That's why / Because of / As |
| I can't buy it ______________________ it's too expensive for me | because of / that's why / 'cause |
| ______________________ it was raining, we decided to stay at home | Since / Because of / That's why |
| Listen to this ______________________ it's very important | that's why / because of / because |
| I'm from Australia. ______________________ I speak with a different accent. | Because of / That's why / Because / Since |
| He was on holiday. ______________________ he was never at home | 'Cause / That's why / Because of |
| ______________________ you know her, you can invite her to come | Because of / As / That's why |
| She was late ______________________ the traffic | that's why / because of / because |
| She started to cry ______________________ you | that's why / 'cause / because of |
| We came to live here ______________________ the sea | that's why / because / because of |
| I've been working all day. ______________________ I'm so tired. | That's why / Because of / Since / As / Because |
| Listen well, ______________________ I'm not going to repeat it twice | that's why / 'cause / because of |
| It's closed ______________________ it's 6 o'clock | because of / because / that's why |
BECAUSE (c)
I was worried because Tally was late
In conversation we very often use the form 'CAUSE (also spelled: coz, cos or cuz, cus in American English)
I left cause I was getting bored
BECAUSE OF+ noun (p)
This is a preposition, so it is not followed by a clause with a verb, it is followed by a noun or noun phrase
She was late because of the traffic
I was tired because of all the hard work
AS / SINCE (c)
These conjunctions are formal. In a less formal language we prefer the equivalent with SO:
As it's raining again, we'll have to stay at home (= It was raining again, so we had to stay at home)
Since it's too late, I think we should stop now (= it was too late, so I think we should stop)
They're used when the reason is already well known, or it is less important than the rest of the sentence. These clauses often begin the sentence:
Since I speak no German, we had to communicate in English
Since it's too late, we should leave it for tomorrow
It's very noisy here, since we live close to a motorway
Compare:
- Sorry, I must go because I have a meeting at 5 (I'm giving you new information)
- Since today is Sunday, let's stay at home and rest (we both know that today is Sunday)
THAT'S (THE REASON) WHY (c.)
This relative clause is very commonly used to express reason (especially in its short version)
My car's broken, that's the reason why I came walking
I didn’t know she was your sister, that’s why I didn't talk to her
You speak very good English. Oh yes, I forgot your mother's English. That's why
abbreviations: (c.)= conjunction (p.)= preposition (see the important difference here: Kinds of Connectors)
